PakistanFin
Fintech de Pakistán: JazzCash (15M+) y Easypaisa (12M+) cubrían el mercado principal mientras la crisis económica de 2022 recortó la rupia un 50%, impuso controles de capital y congeló las transferencias internacionales
Error fatal: Pakistan fintech: JazzCash (Jazz/Veon parent) had 15M+ users. Easypaisa (Telenor/Mastercard) had 12M+ users. SBP (State Bank) required payment operator license (18-month process). Pakistan 2022 economic crisis: rupee -50%, IMF $3B emergency program, capital controls. SBP imposed international transfer restrictions. JazzCash and Easypaisa were telco-backed with stable funding. Independent fintech had no capital buffer for 12+ months of crisis.