All autopsies

// STARTUP COMPARISON

Loft (2022 crisis) vs Opendoor (2022 crisis)

Loft (2022 crisis) failed in 2022 due to Unit Economics. Opendoor (2022 crisis) failed in 2022 due to Bad Timing. Different causes, different sectors, different eras — but the same simulation outcome.

METRIC🔥 Loft (2022 crisis)🔥 Opendoor (2022 crisis)
SectorProptechProptech
CountryBrazilUSA
Founded20182014
Died20222022
Raised$788M$1.9B
Peak$2.9B valuation$18B valuation
Primary CauseUnit EconomicsBad Timing

// WHY EACH FAILED

🔥 Loft (2022 crisis)
Unit Economics
Loft, a Brazilian technology-enabled real estate brokerage, raised $788M and reached a $2.9B valuation. In 2022 Brazil's mortgage rates rose sharply (SELIC rate exceeded 13%), dramatically reducing home buying demand. Loft lay off approximately 150 employees, reduced its balance sheet of owned homes, and retrenched to core brokerage from its iBuying activities. The company survived restructured.
// LESSON
iBuying requires a low-rate environment to function. When mortgage rates double, buyer demand halves and holding costs double. iBuying in a rising rate environment is a leveraged bet against the central bank. Model it accordingly.
🔥 Opendoor (2022 crisis)
Bad Timing
Opendoor pioneered iBuying — purchasing homes directly, making improvements, and reselling. The model requires buying low and selling higher in a rising market. When the Fed began aggressive rate rises in 2022, mortgage rates doubled from 3% to 6%+, home prices fell, and Opendoor was stuck with inventory purchased at peak prices. Q3 2022 saw a $928M net loss. The stock fell 90%+ from peak.
// LESSON
iBuying is a leveraged real estate bet. When rates double, the bet loses on both sides: the homes you own are worth less AND the pool of buyers who can afford to buy them shrinks. The model cannot survive a rate doubling with a 90-day inventory holding.

// IN THE SIMULATION

Loft triggers IBUYING_RATE_SHOCK — the simulation models iBuying (holding owned inventory) as carrying the maximum exposure to interest rate rises. Higher rates reduce buyer demand and increase holding costs simultaneously, squeezing both ends of the P&L.

Opendoor triggers IBUYING_INVENTORY_RATE_TRAP — the simulation models iBuying as having zero resilience to rapid rate rises when inventory is held at peak-price acquisition costs. A 300bps rate rise in 12 months is an existential event for a company holding $10B in homes.

// EXPLORE FURTHER